Exercises to the text "Fossil Fuels"
3. Answer the following sentences:
1. What is the other name for fossil fuels?
2. What are fossil fuels formed by?
3. What do fossil fuels contain?
4. What carbon do volatile materials contain?
5. What carbon do nonvolatile materials contain?
6. What is the percentage of fossil fuel primary source usage?
7. What is the percentage of non-fossil fuel primary source usage?
8. Are fossil fuels renewable resources?
9. How many tons of carbon dioxide does the burning of fossil fuels produce per year?
10. How many of this amount can natural processes absorb?
11. Does carbon dioxide enhance radioactive forcing and contribute to global warming?
4. Fill in the missed words and word combinations:
1. ... sources in 2006 included hydroelectric 6.3%, nuclear 8.5%, and (geothermal, solar, tide, wind, wood, waste) amounting 0.9 percent.
2. A global movement toward the.... of renewable energy is therefore under way to help meet increased energy needs.
3. Carbon dioxide is one of the ... gases that enhances radioactive forcing and contributes to... warming.
4. Fossil fuels are ... resources.
5. Fossil fuels or ...are fuels formed by natural resources.
6. Fossil fuels range from ... materials with ... carbon to ... materials composed of almost ... carbon.
7. Fossil fuels reserves are being depleted much ... than new ones are being formed.
8. In 2007... sources of energy consisted of petroleum 36.0%, coal 27.4%, natural gas 23.0%
9. It causes the ... surface temperature of the Earth to rise in response.
10. It is generally accepted that they formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals by ... to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years.
11. Methane can be found in ... fields.
12. Natural processes can only ... about half of that amount.
13. The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tons of ... per year.
14. The production and use of fossil fuels raise ... concerns.
15. This ... theory was first introduced by Georg Agricola in 1556 and later by Mikhail Lomonosov in the 18th century.
16. World energy ... was growing about 2.3% per year.
5. Put the verb into appropriate form:
to be, to exceed, to contain, to range, to include, to take, to raise, to produce, to enhance, to contribute, to cause
1. Carbon dioxide ... major adverse effects.
2. Carbon dioxide ... radioactive forcing.
3. Carbon dioxide ... to global warming.
4. Fossil fuels ... millions of years to form.
5. Fossil fuels ... non-renewable resources.
6. Fossil fuels ... a high percentage of carbon and hydrocarbons.
7. Fossil fuels ... from volatile materials to nonvolatile materials.
8. Fossil fuels or gas fuels ... fuels formed by natural resources.
9. In 2007 primary sources of energy ... petroleum 36.0%, coal 27.4%, natural gas 23.0%.
10. It ... the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise in response
11. Non-fossil sources in 2006 ... hydroelectric 6.3%, nuclear 8.5%, and others (geothermal, solar, tide, wind, wood, waste) amounting 0.9 percent.
12. Sometimes it ... 650 million years.
13. The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels ... typically millions of years.
14. The burning of fossil fuels ... around 21.3 billion ton of carbon dioxide per year.
15. The production and use of fossil fuels ... environmental concerns.
16. There ... a net increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year.
6. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative:
1. Fossil fuels or gas fuels are fuels formed by natural resources.
2. The age of the buried dead organisms and their resulting is typically millions of years.
3. It sometimes exceeds 650 million years.
4. These fuels contain a high percentage of carbon and hydrocarbons.
5. Fossil fuels range from volatile materials to nonvolatile materials.
6. Nonvolatile materials are composed of almost pure carbon.
7. In 2007 primary sources of energy consisted of petroleum 36.0%, coal 27.4%, and natural gas 23.0%.
8. It amounted to an 86.4% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.
9. Non-fossil sources in 2006 included hydroelectric 6.3%, nuclear 8.5%, and (geothermal, solar, tide, wind, wood, waste) that amounted 0.9 percent.
10. World energy consumption was growing about 2.3% per year.
11. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources.
12. They take millions of years to form.
13. Fossil fuels reserves are being depleted much faster than new ones are being formed.
14. The production and use of fossil fuels raise environmental concerns.
15. The burning of fossil fuels produces a large amount of carbon dioxide per year.
16. Natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount, so there is a net increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year.
17. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that enhances radioactive forcing and contributes to global warming
18. Carbon dioxide causes the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise in response.
19. That will cause major adverse effects.