Exercises to the text "The Laws of Thermodynamics"
1. Answer the questions to the text: 1. How many laws are there in thermodynamics? 2. Do the laws depend on the studied systems? 3. What does the first law state? 4. What does the second law state? 5. What does the third law state? 6. What is the other name for the fourth law? 2. Insert a preposition if necessary: 1. In thermodynamics, there are four laws .. very general validity. 2. The laws of thermodynamics can be applied… systems about which one knows nothing other than the balance of energy and matter transfer. 3. Zeroth law … thermodynamics, stating that thermodynamic equilibrium is an equivalence relation. 4. If two thermodynamic systems are separately … thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. 5. The change … the internal energy of a closed thermodynamic system is equal … the sum of the amount of heat energy supplied to the system and the work done on the system. 6. Second law of thermodynamics, is … entropy. 7. The total entropy of any isolated thermodynamic system tends to increase … time, approaching a maximum value. 8. Third law of thermodynamics is about absolute zero temperature. 3. Match the words with their definition: thermodynamics a particular way in which matter, fields, and atomic and subatomic particles affect one another, e.g., through gravitation or electromagnetism interaction performed or occurring as a result of a sudden inner impulse or inclination and without premeditation or external stimulus balance the principle by which the total value of a physical quantity (such as energy, mass, or linear or angular momentum) remains constant in a system spontaneous a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system equilibrium a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced equivalence have the same use, function, size, or value conservation harmony of design and proportion entropy the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy