Задания по теме "Союзы и относительные местоимения"
Упражнение 1.
А. Переведите следующие предложения. Укажите, к какому глаголу или существительному относится придаточное предложение:
1.It's common knowledge that water is a liquid. 2. Copernicus proved that the Earth goes round the Sun. 3. Kepler came to the conclusion that Copernican system was the right one. 4. Even the ancients knew that pure tones, in contrast to noises are due to periodic vibrations. 5. The proposition that force equals change impulse per unit time is preserved.
Б. Переведите следующие предложения, соотнося наречие so и местоимение such с последующим придаточным предложением, введенным союзом that:
1. The problems of nuclear physics have such a direct bearing on every field of natural science that they will be discussed in detail. 2. The discovery of X-rays had such tremendous consequence for further science that it cannot be exaggerated. 3. The number of neutrons is such that the sum of the masses of all the protons and neutrons produces the atomic weight. 4. A discovery should be dated only from that time at which it was so clearly and definitely stated that it had a distinct effect on further progress.
Упражнение 2.
А. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. The paper that was presented to the Conference was written by Dr. Gale. 2. Planes that cross the Atlantic are usually large. 3. Do you know the method that is used by Dr. Strong? 4. The largest packets of energy that we know anything about are the famous "cosmic rays". 5. Data are presented in the paper that give us the information needed.
Б. Переведите следующие предложения, соблюдая порядок слов, свойственный русскому языку:
1. A new theory has been put forward that explained the phenomena connected win sun flares. 2. A conclusion was made that was most plausible.
В. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. Acoustics is the branch of mechanics that developed rather independently. 2. The indivisibility, from which the atom derives its name, holds for those collisions with other atoms that are treated in the kinetic theory of gases. 3. Mechanics contains the theory of the whole field of acoustics, to the extent that the latter is physical in nature.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения, определив, где that — союз, а где that — относительное местоимение:
1. The conclusion that was made by Meyer proved right. 2. Some scientists of the eighteenth century relegated meteors to the status of a legend, despite numerous observations, from antiquity on, that testified to their actual existence. 3. First came the observation by D. Fr. Arago and J. L. Gay-Lussac that a piece of iron is magnetized by a current flowing in a wire looped around it. 4. It was Galileo who provided the decisive impulse that promoted further development.
Упражнение 4.
А. Переведите следующие предложения, соблюдая порядок слов, свойственный русскому языку (см. примечание 1):
1. Phenomena are studied which occur in particle collisions. 2. Factors are investigated which play an important role in the process under study. 3. A continuous wave ultrasonic interferometer is described which makes possible precise measurements. 4. A system will be described which allows a great increase in the efficiency.
Б. Переведите следующие предложения, предварительно определив глагол или прилагательное, с которыми структурно связан предлог, стоящий перед относительным местоимением which (см. примечание 2):
1. The theory on which the tables are based is a provisional one. 2. The amounts by which the energy changes are called quanta. 3. The stability of a glass is determined by the amount by which its internal energy exceeds that of the corresponding crystal. 4. The only suggested answer to this question of which I know on the basis of the wave mechanics has been given by Honston. 5. William Thomson gave the mathematical theory for discharge in a form to which practically nothing has needed to be added.
Упражнение 5. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. Tail explained the way in which viscosity works. 2. There are many ways in which ions can be produced. 3. The diffusion arises because of the difference between the ways in which collisions affect slow and fast molecules. 4. There are many ways in which the technique discussed is of importance. 5. There is no other way in which the nucleus can dispose of its extra energy. 6. The extent to which the processing approaches the optimum can be evaluated by the following procedure. 7. The small extent to shich the substance dissolves does not allow to use it in our experiment. 8. The unusual manner in which the substance behaves was explained only at the turn of the century. 9. The evaluation of an image must depend upon the purpose for which the image was obtained and the manner in which the image is to be examined.
Упражнение 6. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. The equation does not define what happens at a given instant. 2. If mesotrons exist, where do they come from and what becomes of them? 3. The reader does not know what to believe in the surfeit of so-called "information". 4. Much depends on what you take as a solvent. 5. The problem remains as to what this difference might mean physically. 6. Faraday dimly saw what was to be clearly seen almost a century later.
Упражнение 7. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. What is the most striking is that the reaction rate does not change at all. 2. What is still a little mysterious is that the symmetry group we eventually produce turns out to be continuous. 3. The increase of s with increasing molecular complexity is what is to be expected. 4. What is important is where the negative charge density is greatest. 5. What I have tried to do is to give a self-contained mathematical treatment of the simplest model. 6. In this case what concerns us is simply that a rising molecule goes on rising after collision. 7. What I wish to emphasize is this. 8. What really matters in this case is the sudden rise of temperature. 9. There is a definite connection between electricity and magnetism. Just what this connection is we do not yet know with certainty.
Упражнение 8. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод относительного местоимения what:
1. What we ordinary consider waves act like particles in some ways. 2. What really concerns us in this case is whether the material is an insulator or not. 3. What does it matter if the useful work is only a small portion of the energy? 4. The deviations from Boyle's law are neglected in what follows. 5. Galvani attributed the current to what he called "animal electricity" or, as it came to be known "Galvanism". 6. In 1902 A. Carnegie founded what was to become a new kind of institution for America: the first to be devoted wholly to fundamental research. 7. With certain compounds, chlorine combines directly to form what are called additional compounds. 8. What I wish to emphasize is the importance of joint research. 9. In the light of what has been said before you can understand that neither air nor any other gas is normally a conductor. 10. The capacity for doing work that is possessed by bodies when in motion is what we referred to on page 64 as "living force" in moving bodies; now we call it kinetic energy. 11. If the earth, so cool outside, is so hot within, even though still solid, what about interior temperatures of the sun and of the still hotter stars? 12. Invariably there is a layer of moisture between the metal plates and what is actually observed is the terminal voltage of an open galvanic cell. 13. The choice as to what process is to be used for purification of water depends upon the uses for which it is intended as well as the impurities it contains. 14. We wish to learn what those specific properties of material object are that determine the value of the ratio of acceleration in this experiment.