Задания к тексту Polution and oil shortage (1, 2, 3)

Exercise 1

Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

 

  1. How do you understand 1966 separate legislation requiring exhaust-emission control devices to be installed on all cars?
  2. Did automotive industry introduce exhaust-emission systems to control the emissions of the internal-combustion engines?
  3. What is the role of fresh air at combustion temperatures and how it improves operation of exhaust system?
  4. Do engine modifications improve effectively exhaust emissions?
  5.  What did the 1970 Clean Air Act require from U.S. automobile manufacturers?
  6. Did increasing in gasoline prices lead to higher demand for small cars?
  7. Why did the U.S. manufacturers turn out their own models to compete with foreign ones?
  8. What materials replaced steel in many components of American cars to make them more efficient?
  9. What was the main reason of termination of broad scale electric cars development in mid-1980s?

 

Exercise 2

Заполните пропуски недостающими по смыслу словами, используя текст:

 

  1. A separate legislation requiring exhaust-emission control devices on all cars built after January 1, 1968 was enacted in … .
  2. The federal exhaust-emission control law followed the enactment of similar standards in … .
  3. … … problems were a big problem for many years for the atmosphere over the city of Los Angeles.
  4. The automotive industry introduced two … …  systems designed to control the emissions of the internal-combustion engines.
  5. One of the systems involves … air into the exhaust gas as it flows from the cylinder to the exhaust manifold.
  6. The introduction of … … at combustion temperatures continues the oxidation process in the exhaust system.
  7. The 1970 Clean Air Act required U.S. automobile manufacturers to design more efficient and “clean” … in order to reduce harmful emissions.
  8.  Rising gasoline prices led to an increased demand for … cars.
  9. High-strength plastics and aluminum replaced … in many components of cars.
  10. Plans for volume production of … cars were under study for the mid-1980s.       

 

Exercise 3

Соответствуют ли данные предложения содержанию текста:

 

  1. In 1956 separate legislation was enacted requiring exhaust-emission control devices on all cars built after January 1, 1968.
  2. The federal exhaust-emission control law followed the enactment of similar standards in Canada.
  3. The State Department introduced two exhaust-emission systems designed to control the emissions of the internal-combustion engines.
  4. The introduction of fresh air at combustion temperatures terminates the oxidation process in the exhaust system.
  5. The 1970 Clean Air Act required U.S. automobile manufacturers to design bigger cars to reduce harmful emissions.
  6. The Russian government stipulated that the average mileage for all cars be 11.7 km/liter by 1985.
  7. Rising gasoline prices lead to an increased demand for bigger cars.
  8. High-strength plastics and aluminum replaced rubber in many components of modern cars, and bigger less efficient engines were designed.
  9. Volume production of electric cars started actively in the USA in mid-1980s.